How Thermal Spray Processing Affects Surface Chemistry and In Vitro Hemocompatibility of Hydroxyapatite-Based Orthopedic Implants

Thermal spray processing can change the surface chemistry and hemocompatibility of hydroxyapatite-based orthopedic implants in meaningful ways.

In orthopedic and dental applications, performance depends on interface behavior, mechanical stability, and long-term biological response.

For that reason, structure, coating quality, degradation behavior, and manufacturing consistency should be assessed together.